Moed Katan 11

Chapter 11

א ודלמא טומאה מגואי ואילנות מבראי
1 But perhaps the defilement lies within the field while the trees stand on the outer sides [of it]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the grave has not been disturbed at all. What is the indication of the trees in such a case?');"><sup>1</sup></span> - They were planted irregularly.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not in even rows, but promiscuously and thus the whole site had to be disturbed by the ploughing.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב במסובכין ואיבעית אימא הא אמרן אין מרחיקין ציון ממקום טומאה שלא להפסיד את א"י
2 Or, if you like, I may explain by what was said above: Nor is the marking placed far away from the spot, in order to avoid wasting any space of the Land of Israel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [And since the marking is in proximity to the trees, it is evident that the defilement lay between the trees].');"><sup>3</sup></span> R'Judah says [the presence of trees is no criterion] until there be some elder or disciple [to attest that has been ploughed], for not all are well versed in the subject [of markings]'.
ג ר' יהודה אומר עד שיהא שם זקן או תלמיד לפי שאין הכל בקיאין בדבר אמר אביי שמע מינה צורבא מרבנן דאיכא במתא כל מילי דמתא עליה רמיא
3 Said Abaye: You may infer from here, that when a scholar is resident in a place, all local matters devolve upon him. Said Rab Judah: If one comes across a [single] stone which is marked [with lime], the space under it is defiled; if two stones [with markings] then if there is lime on the space between them, the space between is defiled, and if there is no lime between them, the intervening space is clean, even though there is no [sign of] tilling [there].
ד אמר רב יהודה מצא אבן מצויינת תחתיה טמא שתים אם יש סיד ביניהן ביניהן טמא ואם אין סיד ביניהן ביניהן טהור
4 But surely it is taught: 'If one comes upon one stone which is marked, the space under it is defiled, if on two stones, if there is tilling between them, the intervening space is clean, if not, it is defil - Said R'Papa. Here [it is a case where] the lime had been poured on top of the stones and got spread here and there.
ה ואע"ג דליכא חורש והתניא מצא אבן אחת מצויינת תחתיה טמא שתים אם יש חורש ביניהן ביניהן טהור ואם לאו ביניהן טמא
5 [Now] if there is any tilling [in the space] between them, [the space] between is clean, because it may be presumed that the [splashed] lime had got peeled off by the tilling; whereas if there is not [any trace of tilling] the lime is intended to mark the space between and it is 'defiled'. Said R'Assi:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Explaining the precise principle and system of marking, by confining the markings close to the spot of defilement.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ו אמר רב פפא הכא כשהסיד שפוך על ראשיהן ומרודה לכאן ולכאן אי איכא חורש ביניהן ביניהן טהור דאימור מחמת חורש הוא דאיקפל ואי לא סיד דביני ביני הוא וטמא
6 If one boundary is marked, that side [alone] is 'defiled', but the rest of the entire field is 'clean'. If two [are marked] those [alone] are 'defiled', but the rest of the entire field is 'clean'; if three marked], those are 'defiled', but the rest of the entire field is clean; if the four [boundaries are marked] the are clean and the entire field [within] is 'defiled',for the Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Baraitha, supra 5b.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ז א"ר אסי מצר אחד מצוין הוא טמא וכל השדה כולה טהורה שנים הם טמאין וכל השדה כולה טהורה שלשה הם טמאין וכל השדה כולה טהורה ארבעה הן טהורין וכל השדה כולה טמאה
7 said: 'Nor is the marking place far away from the spot, in order to avoid wasting space of the Land of Israel'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Consequently where the whole field was defiled the whole of the four boundaries had to be marked. As to the cleanliness of the boundaries rnt themselves, v. Tosaf. s.v. .]');"><sup>6</sup></span> AND [PUBLIC COMMISSIONERS] SET OUT [ALSO] TO INSPECT DIVERSE SEED-CROPS.
ח דאמר מר אין מרחיקין ציון ממקום טומאה שלא להפסיד את א"י:
8 But do we set out for inspecting seed-crops during the festival week? This is contradicted by the [following]: On the first of Adar announcements are made about the [contribution of] shekels and about the diverse crops.
ט ויוצאין אף על הכלאים:
9 On the fifteenth thereof the scroll [of Esther] is read in the [ancient] walled cities and [commissioners] go forth to clear the roads of thorns, mend the broadways, measure the [ritual] water-pools and to perform all public needs, and they mark the gravesides and go forth to inspect the diverse seed-crops?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shek. I, 1. Meg. 13b.');"><sup>7</sup></span> - R'Eleazar and R'Jose B'Hanina [gave differing explanations], One said, The latter statement speaks of earlier crops,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In mid Adar.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
י ואכלאים בחולו של מועד נפקינן ורמינהו באחד באדר משמיעין על השקלים ועל הכלאים
10 the other of later<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In our Mishnah again directing it to be done in mid Nisan during the festival week.');"><sup>9</sup></span> crops; the other said, In one case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In mid Adar.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
יא בחמשה עשר בו קורין את המגילה בכרכים ויוצאין לקווץ את הדרכים ולתקן הרחובות ולמוד המקואות ועושין כל צורכי רבים ומציינין את הקברות ויוצאין על הכלאים
11 [they go out to attend] to grain crops, in the others to vegetable crops. R'Assi, reporting R'Johanan said: The rule laid down [in the Mishnah] applies only when the sproutings [of the season are late and] had not become recognizable<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. e.g., Ex. IX, 32.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יב רבי אלעזר ורבי יוסי בר חנינא חד אמר כאן בבכיר כאן באפיל וחד אמר כאן בזרעים כאן בירקות
12 [before then]; but where the sproutings had become recognizable [before], they went forth about them [even earlier]. Why do we particularly set out during the festival week?
יג א"ר אסי א"ר יוחנן לא שנו אלא שאין ניצן ניכר אבל ניצן ניכר יוצאין עליהן
13 R'Jacob reporting R'Johanan explained that it was because the wages given for labour are then low with us.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As ordinary work, apart from emergencies, is suspended during the festival week.');"><sup>11</sup></span> R'Zebid, or some say, R'Mesharsheya said: From the afore - mentioned [explanation] you may infer that when pay was given,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the work.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יד מאי שנא בחולו של מועד דנפקינן אמר רבי יעקב אמר רבי יוחנן משום שכר פעולה דמוזלי גבן
14 it was given them out of the Terumah of the [Shekel] Chamber;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Shek. III, 1.');"><sup>13</sup></span> for if you should suppose that they [the owners of the fields] themselves paid, what difference does it make to us?
טו אמר רב זביד ואיתימא רב משרשיא שמע מינה כי יהבינן להו שכר מתרומת הלשכה יהבינן להו דאי סלקא דעתך מדידהו יהבינן להו מאי נפקא לן מינייהו כל כמה דבעו ליתן להו
15 Let them pay whatever they ask.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As this was a punitive campaign against the inobservant, let them be mulcted.');"><sup>14</sup></span> And how much [constitutes an admixture]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' What quantity of diverse seeds necessitate; the pulling up of the (offensive) crop?');"><sup>15</sup></span>
טז ועד כמה אמר רב שמואל בר יצחק כאותה ששנינו כל סאה שיש בה
16 Said R'Samuel B'Isaac, The same as we learned:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In reference to initial sowing, Kil. II, 1.');"><sup>16</sup></span> Every se'ah of seeds that contains one quarter [of a kab]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A se'ah contains six kabs and a quarter of a kab's admixture is therefore one twenty-fourth of the se'ah, or enough seed to be sown in a field of 50 X 50 cubits.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
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